FIRST EDITION. -TEN CENTS 




BEING SOME REMARKS ON 

EDUCATION IN GENERAL, 



America jrParticular, 

Mr wQMW@f$W* wwm Twmm. 



T. C DAVIDSON 305 SOUTH THIRTEENTH STREET. PHILA, 

S 



PERMANENT EXHIBITION 

Turkish Court. 

Ladies and Gentlemen wishing to have a 
nice Complexion, beautifnl sound Teeth, and 
good Health, too, please- apply to me at the 
(Permanent Exhibition, Turkish Court, and ask 
for the Genuine OLIVE SOAP, made in (Palestine 
and Syria. 

It is the best article of the kind to protect 
the skin against the inclemency of the weather, 
to cleanse the Teeth with, and to put in order 
the (Bowels, if taken dissolved in water. 

Sold in Cakes from 10 cents upward. Five 
cents reduction on each dollar if five dollars 
worth purchased at a time. 

A great variety of ORIENTAL, FANCY, AND 
SMELLING GOODS, made in Olive Wood, etc., and 
very Rare Coins, Medals, and Postage Stamps of all 

Nations are offered there for sale to the public 
at moderate prices, 

IGNACE* BOXHORN. 



SOME REMARKS 



Education in General, 



America in Particular, 



IGNACE BOXHORN, 

TURKISH EXHIBITOR AT THE PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, PHILADELPHIA. 

VV - 

PHILADELPHIA. 
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY T. C. DAVIDSON, 

305 S. Thirteenth Street. 

1877- 






V2 



f : 



Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1877, by R. A. O'BYRNHand 
T. C. Davidson, in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 



Stereotyped by 
T. C. Davidson, 305 S. 13th St. Phila. 



Some Remarks of a Cosmopolitan and Impartial 

Observer on Education in general, and 

in America in particular. 

There being nearly in every country a different view on this 
most important subject, I beg to submit to my readers my per- 
sonal opinion, based on a good many years' experience. 

In order to really improve the moral and material condition 
of mankind, it is absolutely necessary to begin by giving to 
children the proper means for existence, in cultivating their 
body and mind at the same time. 

There must be a certain balance and harmony kept between 
the two latter, otherwise you can never attain your purpose. 

As the feebler sex forms, as a rule, the majority contributing 
mostly to the propagation of the human race, I first call your 
attention to children who belong to this class. 

As soon as they are born they should, if possible, be nour- 
ished exclusively at their own mother's breast, and not at any 
stranger's ; and still less brought up with artificial beverages, 
such as condensed milk, etc., there being nothing in the world 
to replace nature,which gave to females a fountain spouting with 
sparkling nectar of health and love. The child which is nour- 
ished and brought up by its own mother is generally the most 
healthy and beloved. 

If there is any absolute necessity for having some other per- 
son to nurse your child, then you must be very careful in your 
selection, because, I think, that nearly every child imbibes 
with its mother's milk a good many of her qualities, bad and 
good ones as well. 

In case parents are not able to keep at home their girls up 



to the age of seven years, they may send them to school, but 
for amusement only, consisting of playing and physical exer- 
ercises, and nothing else, no reading nor writing whatever. 

From the age of seven to ten, I would leave them totally 
with a lady teacher, and after I think it much better to have 
gentlemen teachers only, as in France and Germany, in pref- 
erence to ladies, the stronger sex being, according to my 
opinion, generally superior intellectually and physically to 
women. 

I think even the Holy Bible confirms my veiw on this 
subject, as God formed our great-great-grandmother Eve only 
from one of Adam's ribs instead of an equal part of his body, 
which proves, evidently, that Providence intended to make the 
woman inferior to man. 

I don't say God was right at all to use a part of Adam's 
body -, at least, I, poor mortal, would object to it ; but as he 
did it without permission, he might as well take half of it in- 
stead of one rib only. 

It is of no use to conceal the truth, the feebler sex seems 
to be made by nature weak in body and mind, I certainly say 
on purpose, because, otherwise, there would be no propagation, 
nor conservation either, of mankind. 

Nature's secrets are wonderful indeed ; but if you study 
them attentively you discover them by degrees in the course 
of time. 

If a woman was, for example, strong-minded, how could you 
expect her to get married, and sacrifice thus her youth, beauty, 
strength and liberty too, and become, so to speak, mother and 
nurse at the same time of a large family ? 

When the Jews had their temple, every woman was obliged) 
after her confinement, to bring a sacrifice to God, in order, ac- 
cording to some learned Talmudists, to make good her per- 



jury, because during their delivery in consequence of the 
great sufferings, women as a rule swear not to couple again. 

The feebler sex will never be able to replace advantage- 
ously men, even in manual labor where much patience is re- 
quired, such as cooking, washing, embroidery, tailoring, etc. 

It is admitted on all sides that French male-cooks are the 
best ; men excel in making ladies' dresses, but no woman can 
be equal to a man for gentlemen's clothing. 

In the East, which contains at least three-fourths of the 
whole human race, nearly all the finest domestic work is done 
by men, washing, embroidery, netting, and so on. 

To what perfection do they arrive in embroidery, for ex- 
ample ? There is no country in the world surpassing, in this 
respect, Cashmere or the Scind in East India, where nearly all 
is made by the stronger sex. 

It is a great misfortune for men and women too, that, for 
the last generation, the roles of both sexes are changed. Na- 
ture has certain laws, and woe to those who dare to infringe 
them. 

There exists nowadays very ' little of real love, marriage 
being considered merely as a matter of convenience, or a kind of 
barter. Men are less sincere, flatter women's vanity too 
much, and thus spoil the finest creature of the universe. 

I recollect some thirty or forty years ago, when married 
ladies, feeling themselves their inferiority in comparison with 
men, made very modest pretensions to intelligence and luxury, 
and were relatively happy. Now we see the contrary, since 
some Utopians, or blue-stockings, put false ideas into weak- 
minded brains, women became extravagant in everything, 
thinking too much of themselves, and neglecting the most 
sacred duties for which Nature seems to have them predestin- 
ated. 

We see at present a good deal less happiness in marriage 



than in the past, a logical consequence of the reasons I have 
just mentioned. 

If we continue in that direction, I am convinced, some day 
there will be a world full of wonders of art and science, but 
no human beings in it at all. 

No one is now anxious to bring up a number of fine-looking 
and healthy children. On the contrary, nearly everybody 
wishes as few as possible, and is well satisfied to get rid of 
them. 

The body, or the human framework, being of the highest 
importance, I recommend even for girls proper daily exercises, 
whatever the weather, such as long walks, dancing, skating, 
gymnastics, cricket, croquet, swimming, rowing, riding on 
horse-back, etc. Their study ought to be, theoretical and 
practical agriculture and horticulture, cooking, all kinds of 
needlework, writing, reading, arithmetic, history, geography, 
some notions of physics and chemistry, design, instrumental 
and vocal music, and one or two foreign languages, the latter 
taught by teachers born in the country where the respective 
language is spoken ; otherwise you may depend on it, that 
the pupils will retain a bad pronunciation all their lives. 

It depends exclusively on the pecuniary means of the pa- 
rents how long girls .are to be kept at school, in all cases it 
should not be allowed them to leave school before reaching the 
age of fourteen years, and if they stay there up to twenty or 
twenty-one, so much the better, as it would benefit them in 
every respect. 

Now I come to the education of boys, which, though less 
important than that of girls, because good girls make good 
mothers, and consequently good children, still requires more 
attention, as man is stronger bodily and mentally, and by 
nature more inclined to do harm than good I think the 
stronger sex ought to be left without any mental teaching up 



to the age of six years, so that it has its proper time for doing 
a little mischief without any restraint. 

A contrary course I am sure, would do a deal of harm 
instead of good to the development of its moral and physica 
faculties. 

After six years old a boy should be put into a school under 
the strong-handed and strong-minded guidance of a man of a 
medium age, and plenty of time left to the pupil for all kinds 
of exercises in the open air, as I consider the indoor teaching 
at this period of a secondary importance. The teacher must 
have excursions, with boys especially, as often as possible at 
different days and hours of the year, and teach them, while 
walking, Nature's beauties and secrets. 

I consider Nature as the best subject for study ; she im- 
presses the human mind most, and speaks with a charming 
voice to our highest feelings. The more you think about her 
secrets, the more you elevate your thoughts to heaven, to 
something unknown, which you try in vain to grasp or com- 
prehend. 

She has secrets of her own, and is rather coquettish, show- 
ing her fine face through a thick veil, and requires an eternity 
to be unmasked and divined. 

Besides primary instruction, boys must begin by learning 
theoretical and practical agriculture and horticulture, drill, the 
handling of all kinds of arms, dancing, swimming, skating, 
rowing, gymnastics, etc., so that when he attains his manhood 
he may be able to get a livelihood, and protect it against any 
aggressive intruder. 

At the same time, I recommend the teaching boys a pro- 
fession, carpentery, bricklaying, masonry, lock and black- 
smithery, in preferment to any other one, and let them have 
herein their own choice, which certainly is the best guide, the 
same as the heart's feelings in love affairs. 



8 

Nearly all European princes are taught in their childhood a 
profession ; Louis XVI. was a good locksmith, a profession 
which he very much needed, in order to hide his correspond- 
ence with the Coalition against France. 

If persons in such an exalted position think about hard 
times, why should not the people at large do the same ? 

Then I require all kinds of bodily exercises, because they 
are essential to men who form the embodiment of handicraft 
and genial inventions. 

The school hours ought to be fixed according to the locality, 
in agricultural districts of course different from towns. 

In the harvest time when hands are so much needed, boys 
living in the former places must not attend school more than 
a couple of hours daily, so that they are able to help their 
parents in harvesting and other domestic occupations. 

In hot summer days pupils ought to be taught only in the 
morning and evening, and not in the middle of the day when 
the sun is shining the most. 

As a recreation I would suggest to leave off teaching 
children every Wednesday and Sunday at noon, and give them 
as holidays eight days at Christmas, and a fortnight in July, 
with a little home work at the same time. 

At the age of thirteen, boys whose parents are not. rich may 
leave school, but care should be taken that the children instruct 
themselves at leisure hours by reading proper books. 

Here in America, I am sorry to say, your system of teach- 
ing boys and girls together does a great harm physically and 
and mentally to them. They never do so in France, Ger- 
many and in a good many other countries. 

Girls, up to a certain age, are kept quite separate from boys' 
association, the consequence being that young ladies are, as a 
rule, very chaste, sometimes by necessity, as there is really no 
opportunity afforded to them for doing wrong, as they are at, 



and out of, school carefully watched by their teachers and 
parents. 

It is the opportunity which makes the thief, otherwise he 
would never steal. In America, I observe, exists too much 
familiarity between both sexes, beginning from their most 
tender age, and this is one of the principal causes of your 
moral and physical decay. 

\ girl, in this country, of thirteen or fourteen years, thinks 
herself already an accomplished young lady, entitled to any 
worldly pleasure. It is the same, if not worse, with boys ; 
they begin to smoke, to shave and do some other things worse 
still at a very tender age, when their body is scarcely devel- 
oped. By-and-by he takes to drinking, and chewing tobacco, 
very likely as a little diversion from candy chewing. 

I wonder that our temperance apostles do not undertake a 
crusade against tobacco chewing, which I consider very dis- 
gusting and prejudicial to health too. 

What are the principal and most prominent characteristic fea- 
tures of an American tobacco chewer ? His lean body, and 
long and bony face, of which the nose is most conspicuous. 
It is the too frequent spitting which takes out the greasy and 
best substance of our human frame. The progeny of such a 
father is of course of the same feeble constitution, which has 
its bad effects for generations to come. Even the American 
girls, especially the northern ones, are as a rule very lean and 
of a delicate health, according to what I was told by some 
foreigners who had an indescreet peep behind ladies' toilet 
rooms. 

The food being very important to mankind, I beg to draw 
your attention to this subject ; frugality in eating and drink- 
ing being both essential to body and mind. The body is our 
natural and infallible guide which we must always consult, 
nolens , volens. 



IO 

Our constitutions being of a different nature, it is the duty 
of the parents or tutors to observe exactly in this respect their 
children or pupils, and treat them accordingly. As a rule, I 
would recommend a certain hygiene and regularity. The 
dishes must not be too hot nor too cold, and taken slowly and 
properly masticated. 

The nourishment for young folks ought to consist chiefly 
of natural products, such as milk, eggs, potatoes, rice, vegeta- 
bles and ripe fruits. 

European physicians have eggs in special favor ; they say 
that one not hard boiled egg is, immediately after eating it, — 
or before perhaps, in giving gluttonous looks at it only — trans- 
formed into pure blood without any mixture, and gives as 
much strength as one pound of meat. I, for my part,- being 
brought up with a quantity of animal food, must confess that 
I always thought I had better leave the experiment of eggs as 
blood-increasers to the learned doctors as their nourishment, 
because I have more faith in my usual animal food. But it is 
very wicked indeed not to believe every word contained in the 
Bible, and worse still to have no confidence in Esculapian as- 
sertions. 

Any bread is wholesome if properly baked ; it must contain 
the most crust possible. I would not recommend any meat, 
because I think we have no right to kill any inoffensive ani- 
mal without some special reasons ; and then I am of opinion, 
contrary to our most learned M. D.'s, that men, with a few 
exceptions, could do very well, if not better, without animal 
food altogether. More than three-fourths of mankind live 
on rice, vegetables and fruits, and they are not the worse off 
for it. 

In the East, where the people are vegetarians by religion 
and custom as well, you find men possessing an astonishing 
physical force. They do all manual work, such as washing, 



II 

tilling the soil, loading and unloading of ships when a tropical 
and burning sun is shining, and keep pace in running with a 
pair of good horses. 

In East India, for example, men are used as fore-runners 
when the Europeans drive their carriages, or for transporting 
the former on their shoulders for short and long distances. I 
was myself transported there, on one travel, some one hundred 
miles, by Indians, in a little square box called palanka, at the 
rate of several miles per hour. Of course the men did change 
hands often, but never mind, they are always running till they 
arrive at their destination. 

From time to time they take a rest, in sitting down in the 
open air and having their meals, consisting of rice, dried fish, 
vegetables and fruits. This done, they have their siesta, at 
which they smoke, in water-pipes called houka, a few leaves 
gathered in the fields, and do crochet and network while chat- 
ting together. I think bees are drones in comparison with this 
class, or rather caste of porters ; the latter being never idle 
except when asleep. While carrying you, they are continu- 
ally singing, in order to give a little diversion to themselves, 
and when taking a rest, they at once begin to do some needle- 
work. 

The first time I was transported in a palanka, escorted by 
six or eight yelling porters, it seemed to me, indeed, as if I was 
to be an eye-witness of my own funeral. 

My above-mentioned statement of facts proves sufficiently 
that we could do very well without any meat, especially if we 
have proper exercise, and do not overcharge our brains and 
thus injure our body. 

It is a great mistake to think that the inhabitants of the 
East are devoid of common-sense or intelligence. They pos- 
sess art and science too, which is, in some respects, astonish- 
ing even to Europeans. The pyramids in Egypt, the temple 



12 



of Elephanta near Bombay, extending for miles, and hewn in 
rocks, are certainly masterpieces, all done by handicraft with- 
out any machinery or steam power. 

In Bombay you find the finest wood-carvings the world 
produces. The East Indians possess very fine specimens of 
paintings and poetry, which date from many thousands of 
years. The difference between the Eastern and other parts 
of the world is the climate and the manner of living. 

The Orientals inhabit mostly tropical countries, which, of 
course, renders them indolent ; and then they are not in such 
a great hurry for progress as we are. They can well afford to 
wait a good many centuries, as they want a trifle only for 
their existence. Some time ago the wages of a laborer in 
East India were about six cents per day, out of which he had 
to sustain his family and save something for hard times. 

Nearly every East Indian is saving something which he 
invests, as a rule, not in shares of some bubble company, but 
in gold, silver, and even in diamond ornaments. 

It is quite different with us, who are extravagant in one way 
or another, and are obliged to go headlong, otherwise we 
would be starved to death. 

In order to be really healthy and wise, men must begin to 
learn from childhood to be frugal and moderate in everything. 

Their clothing ought to be according to climate and season, 
never too thick nor too thin. The first condition of good 
clothing for both sexes, is comfort and protection against any 
change of weather ; everything else is mere fancy and of a 
secondary importance. 

I saw pretty near the extremes of hot and cold, 113 degrees 
of heat in the shade, so that the marble was quite hot after 
sunset, and 70 degrees of cold, and though my constitution is 
not a very robust one, still I got pretty well used to anv 
weather or temperature. 



*3 

Daily cold baths, showers and frictions with hard brushes 
used from childhood, are certainly very beneficial to body and 
mind too. Russian vapor baths are, in my opinion, the health- 
iest, because a man gets used to extremes of temperature. I 
have been in the habit of taking them for over forty years, 
and am convinced that they have contributed largely to my 
well-being. 

A few years ago, in December, when I was bathing, the 
thermometer rose to 280 degrees, and when perspiring pro- 
fusely, I jumped into a plunge of melted ice and did swim 
there for some time, without catching any cold or other 
malady. 

That our doctors do not enough recommend such kinds of 
baths is very natural, because they are, as a rule, very ignor- 
ant or selfish. Indeed, what would become of them if every- 
body were to live according to hygiene and common-sense ? 
Then nine-tenths of the physicians would be obliged to look 
for some patients in the moon. 

Our drinks ought to consist chiefly of pure and filtered 
water, of a temperature not exceeding 90 or 92 degrees of 
heat, viz., a little below the heat of our body. 

In most European cities, nearly everybody has his own filter, 
so that he is sure to get pure water ; why should it be differ- 
ent in this country ? The Americans are decidedly wrong in 
drinking so much ice-water, as it injures their constitutions, 
and after all, I find that this beverage is only quenching the 
thirst temporarily, and a short time later you feel a greater 
desire still to drink, and I would say it is rather exciting your 
thirst instead of satisfying it. 

On hot days I would advise everybody to drink the least 
possible, or at certain hours only. I know a Swiss gentleman 
in Calcutta, one of the hottest places in the world, staying 
there for some thirty or forty years, who never drank anything 



14 

except at his meals, i. e., three times a day, and was always 
in good health. 

If you like ice-water, mix it with usual water in order to 
have its temperature moderate. 

As human nature requires, as a rule, a little change, even 
if men had the good luck to be members of the Celestial 
Olympus, I would advise everybody to make his own bever- 
ages, such as beer, cider, lemonade, etc., and never to buy 
any ready made, without being sure of their genuineness. 

Sugar ought to be used very moderately, especially by chil- 
dren, whose stomachs and teeth get spoiled through excess in 
all kinds of sweets. 

I never saw in my life, though having traveled a good deal, 
so many toothless people of both sexes, as in America, where 
they are indulging too much in mixed drinks, ice-soda, and a 
great number of other artificial waters, the consequence of 
this being bad teeth and indigestion, the two latter are con- 
nected together. Bad teeth signifies insufficient mastication, 
consequently bad digestion. 

I can assure you, my readers, that I never noticed the 
technical expression of dyspepsia before I came in this would- 
be happy country, such an expression being, it seems to me, 
rather of American than of Greek extraction. 

People, I think, do their utmost here to promote the science 
of dentristry, to which I don't object at all ; but I prefer 
always real nature to an artificial one, and this is the very 
reason that I like teeth, hair, eyebrows, and all other parts of 
the human frame-work in their primitive state. 

T hate adulteration of any kind, were it even the artificial 
juvenility of the East Indian ladies, who use a certain plant 
for that purpose. Poor East Indians, how you are deceived 
by your wives ! Never mind, they must not complain, every- 
thing in this preparatory world being only a matter of illusion. 



15 

In the next one to come, of course we shall have plenty of 
genuine saints, virgins, revivalists, prophets, temperance apos- 
tles, and even genuine Turks. 

Sleep being the best restorative for body and mind, parents 
and tutors should take proper care in this respect with regard 
to their children's or pupils' rest. Of course I prefer a small 
bedroom for every child to a large one with several occupants 
in it. Even at night time, pupils of both sexes require proper 
watching, and in large boarding-schools one or two attendants 
at the dormitories would be very desirable. 

There is a saying : " Not everybody is asleep who seems 
to be sleeping," and this is especially the case with children, 
who sometimes do more harm in the bed than when out of it. 

The bedding ought to consist of wool and linen, and no 
springs or feathers whatever, so that the bed is neither too 
warm or soft, nor too cold or hard. 

In both summer and winter, a part of a window in the bed- 
room should be kept open day and night, so that the children 
get used to the changes of air and temperature. It is a great 
mistake when people are generally afraid of air-draughts, and 
especially at night time. 

In tropical countries, currents of air are, as a rule, artifi- 
cially produced, in order to have a little relief from the op- 
pressive heat, and even in London, the most weather-changing 
city in the world, there are many doctors sleeping with open 
windows at any time and season of the year, in order to be 
accustomed to the night air especially, being obliged often to 
visit their patients at night. 

The hour for putting children to bed is according to their 
age, the younger they are, the more rest they require ; but, 
as a rule, they ought to be in bed by ten o'clock in the even- 
ing the latest, and waked up at six o'clock in the morning 



i6 

without exception, even if they go sometimes later to bed than 
the above-named hour. 

Primary school teaching I would recommend for boys up to 
thirteen, and for girls to fourteen years of age ; then parents 
who have the pecuniary means, ought to leave their children 
at school till they arrive at perfection in one certain branch 
of science or art, so that they may be able in after-life to make 
a living out of it, if necessity requires it. 

Every father should see for himself, and not by proxy, how 
his child is educated, as by doing so he will observe its pro- 
gress properly, and soon discover its abilities and inclinations 
for a speciality. I say inclinations, because every child has a 
natural predilection for one science in preference to another, 
and it must have, as I said before, its own choice herein, 
otherwise, you may be sure, all its education will be a failure. 

The study of Latin and Greek, in addition to that of mod- 
ern languages, I consider of the highest importance to boys 
who are in a position to be properly educated. 

Elocutional exercises are very essential to both sexes, and 
this is the reason that the art of speaking in public ought to be 
highly cultivated from childhood. 

Parents and tutors must always examine the contents of 
books, periodicals and newspapers which the children have at 
their disposal, because licentious reading is like poison taken 
in graduated doses, which is sure to kill in the end, though 
slowly. 

.Every State, as representative of all its citizens, has the 
moral obligation to take charge of the educational department, 
in supplying each community with school-houses well built, 
properly-certificated male and female teachers, and the best 
books and instruments for teaching, which latter must be com- 
pulsory and gratuitous, so that an opportunity is offered to 
every child to learn something useful. 



*7 

Instead of religion, children should be taught at school 
morals only, which, in my opinion, are the basis of all creeds, 
no matter of what denomination. 

I had often the pleasure, during my sojourn in London, to 
hear an American citizen, Mr. Moncure D. Conway, preach 
morals at a Unitarian chapel, and he never mentioned the 
name of any divinity or her lieutenants, nor of heaven and 
hell either, and still every word of this reverend seemed to 
greatly impress everybody's higher feelings, and had more ef- 
fect on the mind than any other oration artificially elaborated 
whatever, because he spoke as he thought, and thought as he 
spoke. 

In conclusion, I insist on teaching children from their ten- 
derest age the science of theoretical and practical agriculture 
and horticulture, because I believe, and hope even to see, that 
some day, all invented machines will be destroyed by the peo- 
ple themselves, or put into a Museum of art and science, to 
behold there the genius of mankind and nothing else, and to 
be used solely at times of imperious necessity. 

I think with Jean Jacques Rousseau, the great phiosopher, 
who said over a century ago, that in the end, men will be 
obliged to return to our bountiful mother Nature, who lav- 
ishes on us so profusely her gifts, the only natural resource for 
the conservation of mankind. It is the sacred soil which will 
remain for eternity our dry and wet nurse, there being no ar- 
tificial subsitute to replace her without injuring our health and 
body too. 

In my opinion, all hand-saving machinery is a great misfor- 
tune for the present generation, and ought to be done away 
with, the same as slavery, and a good many unjust institutions. 

The new inventions, of agricultural implements especially, 
are the roots of all evils, throwing out of employment millions 



i8 

of people, and are calculated only to benefit the rich who can 
afford to buy such utensils. 

The best plan would be, in order to avoid a cataclasm, that 
each government begin in time, first to grant patents to the 
real inventors only, who ought to be remunerated according 
to the importance of their inventions, and then to stop all 
machinery work, and allow a certain annual indemnity to 
machine proprietors for the capital they have invested. 

IGNACE BOXHORN, 

EXHIBITOR, TURKISH SECTION, 

Permanent International Exhibition. 



West Philadelphia, 13 July, 1877. 



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Q No. 10. Long Primer, 9 A, 13 a. $1.10 hM 

W YOUR CUSTOM SOLICITED. Logotypes. 12345 5 

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E No. 12. Dbl. Pica, 3 A, 12 a. $3.35 H 

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O No. 13. Pica, 4 A, 10 a. $1.85 Hj 

oq ffrinterss' gallers, %qd gutters, etc. TtSt W 

$^ No. 14. Dbl. Small Pica, 3 A, 5 a. $1.60 - 

O <|irdes t ^v*\$ mi fyqaatq*. ^nk f &c. -- 

Q 1=1 

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< $?fte. |lww, tw& |#i. fsff. |wt- j3 

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Dble. English, 4 A, 6 a. 



$2.10 



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English, 7 A. 



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No. 1, per font, 70 cts. 

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No. 2 per font, 75 cts. 



Each font extends 24 inches and has 8 corners. 




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